Saturday, July 17, 2010

Elements of a Computer and Communication System

A system is a group of related components and operations that interact to perform a task.


1. People
Two types of Users:

-Professionals - An Information Technology (IT) professional who had formal education in the technical aspect of using a computer and communication system. Ex. Computer Programmer.
- End-users - is someone without much technical knowledge of IT who uses computers for entertainment, education or work related task.

2. Procedure

Descriptions of how things are done, steps for accomplishing a result

3. Data/Information

Data – consists of the raw facts and figures that are processed into information.
Information – summarized data or otherwise manipulated data.

Units of Measurement for Capacity
A computer system’s data/information storage capacity is represented by:

Kilobyte (KB) equivalent to approximately 1000 bytes.
Megabyte (MB) about 1 million bytes
Gigabyte (GB) about 1 billion bytes

4. Hardware

The Basic Operations of Computing

a. Input operation – data is entered or otherwise captured electronically and is converted to a form that can be processed by the computer.
b. Processing operation – the data is manipulated to process or transform it into information.
c. Output operation – the information which has been processed from the data, is produced in a form usable by people.
d. Secondary Storage operation – data, information, and programs are stored in computer - processable form

Hardware – consists of all the machinery and equipment in a computer system

Hardware devices are categorized according to which of the four computer operations it performs.


Input Hardware - allow people to put data into the computer in a form that the computer can use.
Example:
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Microphone

Processing and Memory Hardware

CPU (the processor) – computing part of the computer. It controls and manipulates data to produce information.
Memory (also known as main memory,RAM or primary storage) – is a working storage. Memory is the computer’s “work space” where data and programs for immediate processing are held.

Output Hardware – consists of devices that translates information processed by the computer into a form that humans can understand.

Example:
Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Headphone

Secondary Storage Hardware – ( external storage) – consists of devices that store data and programs permanently.
Example:
Diskette
Hard Disk
Optical Disk

Four types of Computer Hardware

Input Hardware – e.g. keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone
Processing and Memory Hardware – e.g. CPU, RAM
Output Hardware – e.g. monitor, printer, speaker, headphone
Secondary Storage Hardware – e.g. hard disk, diskette, optical disk or CD, flash drive

5. Software
Software or programs – consist of the step by step instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task.

Two Major Types
Application software
System Software


Application Software – defined as software that can perform useful work on general purpose task.

Examples:
Web browser, word processing software, spreadsheet software, database software, presentation graphics software. 1) Opera (Web Browser) 2) Microsoft Word (Word Processing) 3) Microsoft Excel (Spreadsheet software) 5) MySQL (Database Software) 6) Microsoft Powerpoint (Presentation Software) 7) iTunes (Music / Sound Software) 8) VLC Media Player (Audio / Video Software ) 9) World of Warcraft (Game Software) 10) Adobe Photoshop (Graphics Software)

Application software run under System Software , and are made to do a specific task

System Software - have direct control and access to your computer hardware , and memory locations . They perform I/O operations on various memory locations , and control the hardware , to make the application software do a task.

Operating systems , are the main examples for system software . Examples : 1) Microsoft Windows 2) Linux 3) Unix 4) Mac OSX 5) DOS 6) BIOS Software 7) HD Sector Boot Software 8) Device Driver Software i.e Graphics Driver etc 9) Linker Software 10) Assembler and Compiler Software

6. Communication

Communication – defined as the electronic transfer of data from one place to another.

1 ) sender
2) receiver
3) computer
4) transmission medium
5) signal converter - modem

10 comments:

  1. Hey buyers, if you are looking for scientific equipment to set up your laboratory then the Atico Export is a perfect option for you. From where you can order the specific product from any place of any country, because it is a worldwide famous brand.

    ReplyDelete
  2. If you're playing a very demanding game, it could be tough to reach the desired 144FPS and you might need to upgrade your graphics card or lower the settings to make the most of your monitor. If you want to get more interesting details about solid state drives, you may go online.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Because there isn't any power draw for those motors, the drive uses far less energy than the normal hard disk. Learn more about TRX40 motherboards on this link.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Consider the types of services offered. Will they be traditional or online? Some offer more choices than others and it's up to you to decide which is best for you. To get more detailed info on laptop repair Perth, visit on hyperlinked site.

    ReplyDelete
  5. The apps needs to be used in combination with the course material to make the results best for your kid. But all in all this product is definitely recommended as it provides basic skills like building a shelter and taking care of their food, collecting water and preserving their resources. If you are curious to know more about jungle scout review, check here.

    ReplyDelete
  6. You are able to take advantage of services that are offered by your local IT experts without having to worry about a large amount of money and technical support. To get more detailed info on colocation, visit on hyperlinked site.

    ReplyDelete
  7. Not all commodities are purchased on a commodity exchange. You can find all the cheap Brisbane servers server providers on the internet, and some of them will even give you free features for your server.

    ReplyDelete